2021年度十大网络用语出炉，用英语咋翻译？

作为年度“汉语盘点”活动最具网络特色的组成部分，2021年12月6日，“2021年度十大网络用语”由国家语言资源监测与研究中心发布。

第一名：觉醒年代；

觉醒年代：The Age of Awakening

《觉醒年代》首次以电视剧的形式回溯中国共产党的孕育和创立过程。

The original aspiration and the mission of Chinese Communists is to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. This original aspiration and this mission, is what inspires Chinese Communists to advance.

中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。这个初心和使命是激励中国共产党人不断前进的根本动力。

第二名：YYDS；

YYDS：“永远的神”的拼音缩写，这个YYDS来源于某主播形容原英雄联盟职业选手Uzi的词，用于表达对某人的高度敬佩和崇拜（deep admiration for someone）。

《美国俚语词典》收录了“ YYDS”的网络释义：

yyds永远的神 mean s eternal godin English. it is used to describe something or someone you love and nothing can beat it.

YYDS：可以翻译为“ eternal god”（永远的神、永恒之神），表示你热爱的人或事物，没什么可以打败它。它还可以翻译为“the best ever”，在口语中还可以说 legendary  [ˈledʒənderi] 传说，传奇。

另外，英文中也有表意相近的缩略词：GOAT，即“ greatest of all time”，也可以理解成“永远的神”。

第三名：双减；

双减：double reduction

双减：指减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担

ease the burden of excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education.

第四名：破防；

破防，指的是破除防御的简称。原指在游戏中突破了对方的防御，使对方失去防御能力。现指因遇到一些事或看到一些信息后情感上受到很大冲击，内心深处被触动，心理防线被突破。

参考译文：

I was moved to tears,

I'm overwhelmed,

This really got me，

I'm shook.

第五名：元宇宙；

最近大火的元宇宙到底是什么？

元宇宙：准确地说，元宇宙不是一个新的概念，它更像是一个经典概念的重生，是在扩展现实（XR）、区块链、云计算、数字孪生等新技术下的概念具化，可以看作是一个虚拟时空间的集合。

元宇宙：metaverse，

元宇宙：来源于作家 Neal Stephenson 的科幻小说《雪崩》，描述了一个人们以虚拟形象在三维空间中与各种软件进行交互的世界。它由meta和Verse组成。其中，meta表示超越，verse代表universe（宇宙）的意思，两者结合则表示即一个由AR， VR， 3D等技术支持的平行于现实世界运行的人造网络世界。

第六名：绝绝子；

绝绝子：有两个意思，但多用于赞美。其一表示太绝了，好极了，比如某位明星姓名＋绝绝子，即表示这个明星非常有吸引力。

此时，“绝绝子”可以翻译：

Stunning（了不起的），

Breathtaking（惊人的，令人窒息的），

Marvelous（非凡的，不可思议的）；

awesome（[美国俚语]非凡的；顶呱呱的；极好的，棒极的；超出人们的意料的）；

unbelievable（极好的；非常棒的）；

Mini V's girlfriend's beauty was breathtaking. 

小V女朋友的美貌令人叹为观止。

小V女朋友长得绝绝子了。

其二表示太差了，差到没品了，常用于嘲讽。

第七名：躺平；

躺平：这个词意味着无论你多么努力，你都无法实现终身目标。

躺平：Lie Down 躺下（按中文直译），lie flat（躺着不动）、或者说是be a  couch potato（沙发土豆），短暂“躺平”是为了积聚能量，更好地重新出发（lying flat for now is not giving up, but saving energy for a new journey）。

躺平，是指一些年轻人放弃奋斗、不思进取，他们或逃避竞争、低欲望生活，或不想工作、回家啃老，类似美国的归巢族。选择躺平的人，有的家境比较优越，一出生就躺赢；有的认为不管怎样，都有国家基本医疗、失业保险和养老保险等兜底。

Third, 躺平, or lie flat, which describes the youngsters who give up ambitions and do the bare minimum to get by. They are either trying to evade competition and lead a low-desire life, or they just don’t want to work and choose to live off their parents, like some boomerang kids in America. 

这和他们的父辈不同，那时，家家户户没有这么好的条件，社会资源紧缺，凭票购物，想躺平也没条件，只能奋斗。

“Lie-flatters” are either from well-off families, born with a silver spoon in mouth, or believe that whatever comes their way, they have basic medical insurance, pension and unemployment subsidies to fall back on. This is totally different from previous generations, who didn’t have the luxury to “lie flat”, because they had to tighten their belts and work hard to earn a living.

另一方面，与父辈相比，这一代年轻人面临着更大的压力和竞争，如就业、职场、住房、生育等等，仅举一个数字，每年就有一千万大学毕业生走向社会。

At the same time, compared with older generations, youngsters nowadays face greater competition in employment, career, housing and parenthood. To give you an idea of that, ten million college graduates enter the job market every year. 

有人认为躺平是一种与世无争，无欲无求的人生处世哲学；有人认为躺平是对社会快速发展的无奈选择；有人认为躺平是为了释放情绪后更好地站起来；但更多的人不认同躺平，认为躺平是精致利己主义。人们更崇尚逆行者。

Some people think “lying flat” stands for a life philosophy of no worldly pursuits; some take it as a passive choice in a fast changing society; some believe this is just to vent stress before they get going again. But more people don’t approve the “lie-flatters”, who they believe are just refined egoists, and people have greater respect for 逆行者, heroes in harm’s way.

第八名：伤害性不高，侮辱性极强；

一段网络视频中，两名男子相互夹菜，而同桌的另一名女子则显得很孤单。于是有网友调侃“伤害性不高，侮辱性极强”（it is not that hurtful but extremely embarrassing）。后被网友用来调侃某事虽然没有实质性危害，但是却令人很难堪。

第九名：我看不懂，但我大受震撼；

我看不懂，但我大受震撼：I didn't get it , I was just in awe。

此句源自导演李安在纪录片《打扰伯格曼》（2013）里评价一部影视作品的话：我连续看了两次，看完动弹不得，仿佛被导演夺走了童贞。我看不懂，但我大受震撼。由于发言有那么亿点点令人震惊，后来被做成各种表情包。

现多用于表示自己对某件事情的不解、震惊（feeling astounded or confused about something）。

第十名：强国有我。

强国有我：we are ready to build a powerful China。源自建党百年天安门广场庆典上青年学子的庄严宣誓。

2020年年度词汇

新冠疫情不仅改变了人们的生活方式，似乎也在改变着人们的时间观念——很多人几乎还停留在10个月前置办年货的情境中，即使2020的余额已经不足50天。

在一些人真诚希望2020重启的同时，也有人正努力记住这一整年的“不寻常”。

被称为英语世界三大最权威词典之一的科林斯词典日前选出了2020 的年度词汇——封锁（Lockdown），并称这个词“概括浓缩了数十亿人的共同体验”。

柯林斯词典将“封锁”定义为“对旅行、社交互动和公共空间出入实施严格限制”。

据柯林斯词典的出版机构称，在过去一年里，封锁（lockdown）一词的使用量激增6000%。

柯林斯词典的语言内容顾问海伦•纽斯特德表示：“封锁影响了我们工作、学习、购物和社交的方式。如今许多国家都进入了第二轮封锁，这不是一个值得庆贺的年度词汇，但这个词或许能总结世界上大多数人的这一年。”

《柯林斯词典》宣布“封锁”（lockdown）一词成为2020年度词汇。同时入选年度十大词汇的还有冠状病毒、社交隔离、强制休假、梅根脱离王室、吃播等。

Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary.

2020年改变了太多人生活的“封锁”被选为《柯林斯词典》的年度词汇。

Lockdown is defined by Collins as “the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces”, and its usage has boomed over the last year. The 4.5bn-word Collins Corpus, which contains written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in its usage. In 2019, there were 4,000 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had soared to more than a quarter of a million.

《柯林斯词典》将“封锁”定义为“对旅行、社交互动和公共空间出入实施严格限制”，该词的使用量在过去一年间飙升。拥有45亿个词的柯林斯语料库的记录显示，“封锁”的使用量增加了6000%。柯林斯语料库的素材来自网站、书籍、报纸等书面材料以及广播、电视和谈话的口语材料。2019年，语料库记载了4000个使用“封锁”的例子。2020年，使用“封锁”一词的例子暴增至逾25万个。

"Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic,” says Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. “We have chosen lockdown as our word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict their daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialise. With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world.”

《柯林斯词典》的语言内容顾问海伦·纽斯特德说：“语言反映了我们周边的世界，2020年是被全球疫情主宰的一年。我们选择‘封锁’作为今年的年度词汇，因为它概括了数十亿人被迫限制日常生活以防控病毒蔓延的共同经历。封锁影响了我们工作、学习、购物和社交的方式。如今许多国家都进入了第二轮封锁，这不是一个值得庆贺的年度词汇，但也许这个词能概括世界上大多数人的这一年。”

Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social distancing, self-isolate and furlough were on the dictionary’s list of the top 10 words. So was the term key worker. According to Collins, key worker saw a 60-fold increase in usage over the last year, which reflects “the importance attributed this year to professions considered to be essential to society”.

每年，柯林斯词典编辑部都会从其词汇库中挑选出十个值得关注的候选词，然后将候选名单中平均使用次数增加最多的一个词语评为年度热词。用“封锁”作为“年终总结”的背后，是2020被新冠疫情主宰的现实。

在柯林斯词典的另外九个候选词中，与疫情相关的还有三个词——

冠状病毒：包括新冠病毒在内的任何一种导致呼吸道传染病的单链RNA病毒，这些病毒在电子显微镜下看起来形似王冠。

coronavirus: any one of a group of RNA-containing viruses that can cause infectious illnesses of the respiratory tract, including COVID-19. So called because of their crown-like appearance in electron micrographs.

自我隔离：在自身患有或怀疑自身患有传染病时隔离自己。

self-isolate: to quarantine oneself if one has or suspects one has a contagious disease.  

社交距离：与他人保持一定距离以防止感染疾病的行为。

social distancing: the practice of maintaining a certain distance between oneself and other people in order to prevent infection with a disease.

而其他的六个词分别是——

黑人的命也是命 : 反对种族暴力和压迫的运动。

BLM (Black Lives Matter)：a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression.

The abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter, also made the shortlist. Defined by Collins as “a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression”, it registered a 581% increase in usage.

“黑人的命也是命”的缩写BLM也跻身年度十大词汇。《柯林斯词典》将BLM定义为“反对种族暴力和压迫的运动”，数据显示，该词的使用量增加了581%。

关键岗位员工 : 被认为对社会运转至关重要的职业从业者，如教师、警察、医务工作者、商店店员等。

key worker or keyworker: an employee in any of a number of professions considered to be essential to the functioning of society, for example teachers, police officers, health workers, shop workers, etc.

梅根退出（王室）：2020年1月，萨塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人宣布退出王室职务。这个词沿袭了“英国脱欧”一词的组词方式，由公爵夫人名字“梅根”的前三个字母与英文“退出”一词的后三个字母组成。

Megxit: the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties, announced in January 2020. From Meg(han), Duchess of Sussex and (e)xit; influenced by Brexit.

停职留薪：员工被暂时停工，通常是因为现有的工作量不需要这么多人手。

furlough: a temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them; (verb) to lay off (staff) temporarily. From Dutch verlof, from ver (for) and lof (leave); related to Swedish förlof.

吃播：为了娱乐观众，在视频或直播中进食大量食物的主播。由韩语中的“吃（meogneun）”和“播出（bangsong）”组成。

mukbang: a video or webcast in which the host eats a large quantity of food for the entertainment of viewers. From meogneun (eating) and bangsong (broadcast).

抖友：经常分享或出现在抖音视频中的人。

TikToker: a person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok.

汉语关键词

盘点、盘货、盘存、盘库、盘账

英语关键词

stocktaking, make an inventory of, take an inventory of, take inventory, take stock, review, examine, check accounts, examine accounts

句子

年终时，这位博客盘点了今年我国娱乐圈10大新闻。

误译

At the end of the year, the blogger took stock of the ten top news items of the year in China’s entertainment circles.

正译

1) At the end of the year, the blogger reviewed the ten top news items of the year in China’s entertainment circles.

2) At the end of the year, the blogger examined the ten top news items of the year in China’s entertainment circles.

to take stock的字面意思是“盘货”；而其引申意思是to consider a situation carefully so as to take a decision，即"仔细考虑形势以做出决定”。这句话的"盘点”是"回顾总结”的意思，应译为to review或 to examine。例如：

1. 人们需要不时地从繁忙的生活中回过来考量一下他们正在做什么，他们正在向何处去。

People need to occasionally step back from their busy life to take stock of how they’re doing and where they’regoing.

2. 在做出不可改变的决定之前，你应该先坐下来估量一下形势。

You should sit back and take stock of the situation before you make an irrevocable decision.

"盘点"原义是"清点存货"。英语可以译为to make an inventory of, to take an inventory of, to take inventory, to take stock 或stock-taking。to make an inventory of 的意思是 to make a list of all the things in a place 或 to check and count all the things in a place,即"清点”；尤其指 to make a list of all the goods in a shop 或 to check and count all the goods in a shop, 即"盘货”。例如：

3. 你们应该学会如何盘点你们的个人财产。

You should learn how to make an inventory of your personal property,

4. 我们应定期盘点库存物资。

We should make a periodical inventory of the goods in our warehouse.

5. 今日盘点，暂停营业。

Business is suspended today for stocktaking.

6. 每逢星期一下午，那家商场进行盘点。

Every Monday afternoon, the department store takes stock.

to make/take an inventory of 述有 to make a list of all the people in a place 或 to check and count all the people in a place 的意思，即“清点人数”。例如：

7. 让我们清点一下到目前为止所有已经捎献的慷慨人士。

Let’s take an inventory of all the generous people that have donated so far.

"盘点”的比喻意义是“逐个重新审视或回顾总结”。英语可以译为to review, to examine。例如：

8. 今天这家报纸用一整版篇幅盘点了本市今年10大新闻。

Today, this newspaper devotes a whole page to reviewing the top 10 news items of the year in our city.

9. 这一年里，教育界有不少值得盘点的事件。

In this year, there are quite a lot of events that are worth examining in the educational circles.

10. 这个杂志在最近一期盘点了当前流行的5种减肥方法。

In the latest issue of the magazine, they have reviewed the five slimming ways that are fashionable at the moment.

"盘点"的比喻意义也可以用to make an inventory of表示。例如：

11. 他盘点了他作为本科生所做的一切事情。

He made an inventory of everything he had done as an undergraduate.

"盘存"、"盘货”和"盘库”都有“盘点存货"或"清点与核查现有资产的数量和情况”的意思。英语也可以译为to make an inventory of, to take an inventory of, to take inventory, to take stock 或stock-taking. 例如：

12. 本店月底定期盘存。

Our store takes inventory regularly at the end of a month.

13. 有些商店每月盘货一次。

Some stores take their stock once a month.

14. 年终时，我们彻底盘了一次库。

We made a complete inventory of everything in the warehouse at the end of the year.

“盘账”的意思是“清点与核对账目”。英语可以译为to check accounts, to examine accounts。例如：

15. 不论怎样，你们必须经常盘账。

In any case, you have to check accounts often.

16. 这个商店一年盘一次账。

In this store, they check accounts once a year.

17. 他受权在这个公司盘账。

He is authorized to examine accounts in this company.